The Scottsboro Boys Trial free essay sample

A glance at the renowned Scottsboro Boys preliminary and the occasions that occurred driving up the preliminary just as during the preliminary. This paper accounts the acclaimed Scottsboro Boys preliminary. Its an account of bigotry during the 1930s that depicts the occasions prompting the preliminary, the preliminary itself and the result. The paper portrays what befell the young men while they were in prison and the occasions and result of their subsequent preliminary. Bigotry shows up and returns all through the account of the Scottsboro Boys, as they were condemned to death on a few unique events, regardless of evident uncertain or begging to be proven wrong proof. At long last, the paper quickly depicts the destiny surprisingly engaged with the case. At the point when the train that they were riding on halted in Stevenson, Alabama, the little gathering of dark young men chose to stroll along the tracks. A brief time later they got together with some progressively dark young men from another vehicle. We will compose a custom paper test on The Scottsboro Boys Trial or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The young men concluded that they would turn the tables on the white young men who had been tossing rocks at them prior. When the train began once more, a similar gathering of white young men began tossing rocks at the blacks from a lower vehicle. The now rather huge gathering of blacks got in the vehicle that the whites were riding in and begun battling them.

Cost-effective means

There are numerous preferences of doing both protection and keeping money with a similar organization. To start with, it is a savvy methods for overseeing resources and protection concerns, empowering customers to spare time, vitality, and cash spent on exchanges. Second, coordinated protection and banking makes it simpler for the buyer to convey their necessities as far as protection guarantees and suitable installment modifications regarding crisis and emergency conditions. Ultimately, it empowers a person to construct a more profound relationship with the bank and to all the more likely become more acquainted with its services.On the drawback, doing both protection and managing an account with a similar organization builds the dangers of losing protection installments and different resources when the organization loses cash from its speculations or is influenced by crimes. Despite the fact that cash and different stores in a banking or insurance agency are guaranteed by the Federa l Deposit Insurance Corporation, it just repays up to a foreordained sum which may be not exactly a consumer’s real bank or protection deposits.2. ) I am not as OK with doing my financial exchanges online likewise with a representative in a physical bank because of security and protection concerns. The web stays a dangerous stage for directing delicate exchanges as hoodlums are creating methods to catch relevant purchaser and money related information nearly as quick as web based financial security specialists are attempting to grow increasingly advanced methods for making sure about web banking services.In a similar way, I would not be as open to working with a protection operator for my financial needs as I would be with a financial assistant since I would stress over an individual having a lot of data about my budgetary status and assets. 3) Among the administrations that a shopper gets from a physical bank that probably won't be as effortlessly gave by an online bank are robotized teller machines for helpful store and withdrawals, and individual, inside and out counsels about financial administrations that could be practiced just by strolling into a bank or its branch.

Graduating School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Graduating School - Essay Example The last are viewed as more worth loaded than straightforward arrangements in a code. This is essential to recollect. In any case, various sources have various qualities. One wellspring of expert qualities and morals is a set of accepted rules. Another is the natural conduct of the individuals who work around youâ€this is a troublesome source to characterize. This can be acceptable and terrible. On the off chance that you work in a police headquarters where individuals are degenerate, being morally satchel may support you on the off chance that you depend on your degenerate manager to advance you. A third source is the thing that you bring to the table, how you yourself have been raised. You contribute your own morals and qualities to the gathering with which you work. Maybe at the police headquarters you can set an exceptionally elevated requirement as a good example and urge individuals to follow your model. In my life, I have contemplated why we need morals. Morals tie individu als together. They let the cream ascend to the top. In this day and age moral relativism overwhelms so it is critical to have codes that are painstakingly recorded and that are comprehensive and nitty gritty. What is moral relativism? This is a position accepts that no all inclusive standard exists to survey reality of our general surroundings. Relativists frequently consider ethics to be applying just inside specific societies. These individuals would state that female genital mutilation is alright in light of the fact that it is a social practice and a critical to a specific culture.

Christian Science Child Care free essay sample

Looks at strife between opportunity of religion (churchs refusal of clinical consideration for kids) laws against kid misuse/disregard. Kid misuse has caused a lot of case law that is planned to shield kids from both maltreatment and disregard by their folks. These laws some of the time meddle with another lawfully ensured action, the free exercise of religion. A few legitimate cases as of late have tried the constraints of strict articulation concerning youngsters, eminently cases in which guardians who don't have confidence in medication have kept their kids from getting clinical treatment for strict reasons. The issue has gotten enmeshed with what may be known as the bigger parental rights development which holds that all choices in regards to the government assistance of youngsters ought to be made by guardians and not by government or the courts. What has created in these cases is a contention between the craving with respect to society to declare childrens rights and to ensure kids and the conviction. We will compose a custom exposition test on Christian Science Child Care or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page .

Orthostatic Tolerance

Orthostatic Tolerance [by Ken Haggerty 11] ABOVE: How We Make Someone Invisible, 1 (2010): India ink on Mylar. I will admit upfront that I am a bit, if not a byte, more of a museum nerd than your typical MIT student, which is why this exhibit makes me so happy. The List Visual Arts Centers current exhibit of Tavares Strachans show, Orthostatic Tolerance: It Might Not Be Such a Bad Idea if I Never Went Home, is really one of the best exhibits I have seen anywhere and is easily my favorite LVAC exhibit that Ive attended. (And Im not just saying that because I am writing a blog for MIT Admissions that is supposed to highlight the best of MITs arts community.) For those both within and outside of the Institute who have not yet visited, the List Visual Arts Center [LVAC] is MITs official art museum. The center launches five to eight exhibits each year highlighting the work of a visiting artist (often an artist-in-residence), but it also organizes various other programs, including the Student Loan Art Program and Percent-for-Art program responsible for contributing new works of public art to campus. The museum itself is located in the old Media Lab building (HERE!) on the first floor and is free to everyone :) Those artists who show their work at LVAC do not necessarily have to produce any new work for the show, but Tavares, a space and technology afficionado, collaborated with various research groups, including the 3D Optical Systems Group and the MIT Sea Grant College Program, to develop novel and advanced works of art which could only be created at MIT. All of Tavaress work, though, is interdiscplinary in nature and stems from a desire to establish the Bahamas Aerospace Sea Exploration Center [BASEC], a dreamed-of educational center in his [Tavaress] homeland. I had the great pleasure of attending an LVAC Gallery Talk with Tavares himself back on June 3rd with Li Brunetto 12 (a talented artist in her own right), Mark Linga (educator for LVAC), and Leila Kinney (Director of Arts Initiatives at MIT, who runs ARTalk) in the middle of a hailstorm, so thankfully we all stayed dried and didnt break any umbrellas. ABOVE: LVAC Gallery Talk with artist Tavares Strachan. (Photo by Mark Linga) What I like about Tavaress work is both how interdisciplinary it is and how methodical his process is. As Marshall McLuhan famously said, the medium is the message, and in Tavaress case, the medium is transparentliterally. ABOVE: What Will Be Remembered in the Face of All that Is Forgotten (2010): Hand-blown glass circulatory system, 900 gallons of mineral oil, Plexiglas tank, steel base. The drawing at the top of this blog is a study done in India ink on Mylar for the piece above. As you cant see, the cube contains a hand-blown hollow glass replica of a human circulatory system. The reason you cant see it is because it is immersed in mineral oil, which possesses the same refractive index as glass. Even in person, you can only see hints of it, usually when someone else walks on the other side of the sculpture. ABOVE: C.W. Sawyer, D.W. Davis, and H.O. Nash (2010): Calcium carbonate. In the distance is Purplish Blue Light (2010): Hand-blown glass underwater vehicle, 100 gallons of mineral oil, plastic, computer systems, and Plexiglas tank. Purplish Blue Light was made in collaboration with the MIT Sea Grant College Program and mimics the motion of the waves in the Bahamas in real time. Tavaress work tends to be symbolic and suggestive of themes of exploration, failure, and homeland. One of his piecesthree chairs made from calcium carbonate (i.e., chalk)is named after three schools in the Bahamas which are themselves named after prominent Bahamian educators. Tavares chose calcium carbonate because, in addition to being a medium of pedagogy, the islands of the Bahamas are composed largely of calcium carbonate. Another piece dramatically balances and exploded spacesuit over the viewers head, surrounded by black walls and preparatory drawings in India ink on Mylar. ABOVE: Finding My Way Home (2010): Cast resin and steel. (Photo courtesy of Mark Linga/LVAC) What I also like is the staging of the exhibit itself. As an architecture minor, I appreciate the attention to detail regarding how the pieces are placed. Makng art is one talent, but presenting it is another. Even though some pieces are new and others are old, all feel very much cohesive and uniform in both aesthetic and theme. Its great whether youre an art scholar or art novice. ABOVE: A rocket made entirely of glass (L) and a robotic rover (R) are in a second smaller gallery just across from the main gallery. Dont miss them! (Photos courtesy of Mark Linga/LVAC) Orthostatic Tolerance runs through July 11. The gallery is open every day except Monday from 12-6pm and is open until 8pm on Thursdays. Additionally, theres a Gallery Talk with Mark Linga of LVAC and Sarah Hammond of MITs Sea Grant Program tomorrow (6/24) at 6:00pm, and I would definitely encourage you to go.

7 Ways In Which An Essay Writing Company Can Help You Out

Natural Therapies Institute 7 Reasons To Hire An Online Essay Writing Company Essay writing may be a thorn in the neck you find hard to dislodge; and yet it is mandatory to do a number of pieces in your study years. This leads many students to scoot for help. Thanks to Internet, many online writing companies have emerged with a ready wand to dispose all your problems. Here are 7 reasons why you should proceed to hire their services to get your essays done in a refined way – The method of work – These agencies know how to craft essays in an organized and methodical way. They have been through the grind for long and understand the demands of various classes. They will give your assignment a leading edge and shape it in an impressive manner. They keep on updating their style of work and continually improve on their skills. Their team – You are a student who still has to pass your curricular year. They have a team of people who have passed the same class years ago with excellent grades. Thus, the essay that bothers you is nothing but a destination to cover for them. Internet savvy – While writing essays, you may have look for certain sources; do some research to make the piece credible. It is all available online and these agencies have a seamless way to make their findings online. They are well-versed with the kinetics of the Web and take little time in finding what they desire. Their professionalism – The works they submit will reek of professionalism. You will be bought by their outlook. Only when you have their work at hand will you understand what difference they have done to their assignment. Deadline surety – it is a part of their work culture not to miss the deadlines. After all, their eventual clientele depends on the manner in which they please their current clients. They therefore take care of all the small seams. Accessibility – While hiring real people to write essays, you may suffer from lack of communication at pivotal times. However, the online agencies are easily accessible through their contact mails or phones. The ease of business – The process is simple; you place your order, pay and you get the work done in due time. You are eligible to contact them in between for queries, suggestions or minor tweaking. You may also ask for a suggestive number of revisions if you find a particular portion too heavy or somewhat irrelevant. Online method of communication and doing business is quite hassle-free.Expert admission essay writing service - get your essays written by professional application essay writer.

Human Trafficking Is A Societal Issue That Has Been Existent

Human trafficking is a societal issue that has been existent for ages. It is considered a vice the world over. The social justice issue has three main aspects that help understand its holistic nature. It is important to understand the act, how it is done, and the reason it is done. This paper seeks to major on how it is done (the means) in the United States. Human trafficking involves the acquiring or transfer of persons (the act). The act means that there must be two parties involved; those who receive and those who transfer persons. The next point of concern, which has aided in trying to mitigate the social justice issue, is the means. This indicates how the transfer or receipt of persons occurs. In addition, human trafficking occurs†¦show more content†¦Melanie Orhant, in an article published in the Population Reference Bureau (PRB), noted that victims of human trafficking are so vulnerable that, at times, assist in their vulnerability (Orhant, 2001). She states that immi gration has been a major issue, forcing some countries to adopt stringent measures against immigration. As such, migrants seek the services of traffickers to assist them move across borders. They do it so unconsciously, adding on to their vulnerability. As such, the reason why human trafficking is rampant is due to the vulnerability of the victims. Besides being desperate to cross borders, potential victims are desperate for jobs or a better lifestyle. This leaves them prone to the methods used by human traffickers. Gummow, (2013) provides important information regarding the methods in which sex trafficking utilize. The cartels conducting sex trafficking use a wide range of methods such as concealing their intent by acting as potential boyfriends or girlfriends. In this case, they identify a potential victim and lure them into a false romantic relationship. NHT reports that half of the 6,000 sex trafficking cases are cartel-controlled. In addition, the sex traffickers may also appro ach the potential victim by promising to provide basic support such as food, house rent, and shopping. NHT reports that 20 percent of the cases are fall in this category. According to NHT, cases of forced abduction for sexual exploitationShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy - Child Labour1582 Words   |  7 Pagesloaf of bread, or basic subsistence. Under these circumstances it would be unsafe for the family and the child to lose their job, regardless of the moral imperative. - Other leading factors in child labour include; poor or non-existent public education systems and societal beliefs that trap young girls at home and leave them illiterate and dependent upon the male members of the family. - These contributors point to a poor economic infrastructure and the lack of the basic foundations that allowRead MoreAfghanistan Today Is One Of The Most Violent And Unstable1435 Words   |  6 Pagespreventing Afghanistan from developing, which are high levels of corruption, crime, insecurity, drug-trafficking, and lawlessness (DFID, 2005). The current Afghan government is struggling to improve these issues despite receiving billions of dollars of foreign aid. The Taliban governed Afghanistan from 1996-2001 after a devastating civil war and their rule was characterised by the wide-spread human rights abuses (Okin, 1998) and the mismanagement of the economy, education system and health care systemRead MoreThe Problem Of A Social Problem Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ My understanding of a social problem is that a substantial group of individuals consider an issue to be problematic and that the matter in question does not reconcile itself between the good of the group and w hat has been done for society. Although the issue can be advantageous for some members of a culture or community, it can be detrimental to others and therefore must be examined. b) What are some social problems that currently exist in society? †¢ Problems that occur recycle themselves overRead MoreSocial Problems Of A Social Problem Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pages Social Problem a) What is a Social Problem? †¢ My understanding of a social problem is that a substantial group of individuals consider an issue to be problematic and that the matter in question does not reconcile itself between the good of the group and what has been done for society. Although the issue can be advantageous for some members of a culture or community, it can be detrimental to others and therefore must be examined. b) What are some social problems that currently exist in societyRead MoreFeminism Of Different Cultures : Women Without Liberation Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesliberated revolution, whereas in other countries across the globe, the simplistic idea of self-importance in women is non-existent. For generations, harmful cultural practices have challenged feminist activists to conjure up a plan of action in the aid to help those women suffering in these countries. â€Å"In feminist legal studies, culture is often viewed as a deviation from the path of human rights† (Tamale, 52). The inequalities, such as patriarchy, persist all over the world, including the United StatesRead MoreWorking Women in Family and Its Positive Negative Sides3880 Words   |  16 PagesCompany etc. For the secondary data collection, we are very much grateful to the websites related with the topic As an academic requirement of Business communication Subject, we have to make this report. We worked on a very common but complicated huge issue which is working women in family and its positive and negative sides. At first it was mere an academic requirement to us, but when we started to work through the guideline we acquired so many practical knowledge, courage, interest sometimes fallenRead MoreEssay about Killer Coke2728 Words   |  11 Pagesalleges that the Coca-Cola Company directed or was implicitly involved in the killings to ensure that unions were broken in the Colombian plants. The obvious legal ramifications are that contract killings took place at the plant. The more subtle ethical issue is even if Coca-Cola didn’t explicitly order the killings, did they knowingly ignore the grave working conditions that faced the people working in their plant. Ray Roger’s is leads a movement against Coca-Cola, calling for a ban of all Coke productsRead MoreImportance O f Relationship Marketing32123 Words   |  129 Pagesproject has been undertaken By: SHRIYA MEHROTRA Reg. No. 04VWCM 6117 With the guidance and support of Prof. Raja Sekhar Faculty: MBA [pic] ALLIANCE BUSINESS ACADEMY BANGALORE – 560 076 Batch: 2004-2006 Declaration I, Shriya Mehrotra, student of MBA 4th semester, studying at Alliance Business Academy, Bangalore do here by declare that this project relating to the topic â€Å"Customer Relationship Management And Importance Of Relationship Marketing In The Banking Sector† had been prepared

4 Types of Research Theories - 1205 Words

CRJS430 – 1104A – 01 Unit 1 IP Charlotte Cordova October 6, 2011 American Intercontinental University Abstract In this paper, I will discuss the four types of research theories – deductive, inductive, grounded, and axiomatic. I will also discuss why and how these theories are used, and which is the most relevant, or most important. I will discuss the differences and similarities in theory and hypothesis. I will also discuss variables, and why they are important components of theoretical research. Four Types of Research Theories When doing research, it is important to first have your idea, or subject you will be researching. Once you have chosen the subject, then the research begins. There are so many places to†¦show more content†¦This is called the top – down approach to research. We start out by using a general idea, then working it down to a hypothesis that can be tested. We can even go further and narrow this hypothesis down to an observation and test that into a confirmation of the original deduction of our theory. Inductive research works the opposite way. We start our research from a very specific idea, and change it into a very broad and generalized theory. This is called a bottom – up approach to research. We start with very specific measures or observations, detect patterns, then reach a hypothesis that we explore, ending up with generalized conclusions and theories. The differences in these two theories, is that deductive research starts out very open ended and exploratory, while inductive research starts out more specific. Most research contains both methods, even though it may seem that the information is one or the other type. (Trochim, 2006). Grounded research is when the theory is developed using the facts. This is somewhat an inductive method or approach. Some experts say that grounded research separates theory and data, while others say it combines the two. This type of theory takes questions and comparisons and uses explicit procedures to guide this type of research. This method of research provides the researcher density, saturation,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mullen Rhoadsrbtm7109-2 : Develop And Apply A Personal Toolkit1622 Words   |  7 PagesMullen-RhoadsRBTM7109-2: Develop and Apply a Personal Toolkit To develop a personal toolkit for critiquing research article, critical thinking that imposes intellectual standards will be the fundamental strategy employed (Elder Paul, 2008; â€Å"Public Library,† 2013). Critical thinking will be employed to minimize bias from the literature review, which should provide a more solid springboard for the dissertation process. The intellectual standards that will be employed are clarity, accuracy, precisionRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Understanding Happiness1201 Words   |  5 Pagesfor food, sex, drugs, money or any other kind of excitement. Hedonic happiness is believed to be the most perceptible form of happiness. Hedonic happiness is can be associated with an individual’s well-being and the process which enhances different types of pleasures. Eudemonic happiness is referred to as the good life, also associated with subjective well-being and is often defined as â€Å"human flourishing† which is also linked to happiness that can be achieved by various characteristics such as; persistentRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1536 Words   |  7 Pagesproperly manage many different types of people and behaviors inside a business structure allows the business to operate like a well-oiled machine. That also requires an understanding of how to motivate different personality types. In the research I am going to compare Maslow’s hierarchy of needs against Lawrence and Nohira’s 4 drive theory in an attempt to better understand their possible uses inside an organizational structure. Let’s first take a look a look at the two theories before discussing theirRead MoreCmp9500B Comprehensive Exam Solution1570 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 1: Theory Theories play a vitally important role in guiding research and organizing and making sense of research findings. In spite of the great importance of theory-building and theory testing within your field of specialization, there is no generally accepted conception of what a theory is. Because your dissertation must contribute to theory, you must have a clear understanding of the variety of conceptions of theory, types of theories, and ways of contributing to theory and be ableRead MoreProfessional Practice Issues Of Health Care Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pageshowever, the quality, reliability and relevance of each reference can remain questioned and requires further consideration. In this study three different types of references were looked at, namely textbooks, journal articles and the internet, and a total of six references were selected and ranked depending on their quality, relevance and reliability. Type of Reference: Textbooks Upon typing health care ethics to the Monash Library search engine, 80,548 results appeared with various relevance to theRead MoreEssay about Criminal Justice639 Words   |  3 PagesResearch Methods Te Meko D. Smith American Inter Continental University Abstract The assignment is based on a scenario that I have been hired as a consultant by the local police commissioner to lend my expertise on criminal justice research. On the other hand this is for educational resources for the police captains who will be developing a new citywide crime prevention strategy. In addition to the resources that will be discussed are the key differences between deductive, inductive, groundedRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking Ban On Employees And Passive Smokers At Work Place And Home1295 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review / Research Background 2 Research Rationale 3 Learning Outcomes 3 Study Design 4 Type of Study 4 Type of Design 4 Data Types 4 Ethics 5 Risk 5 Required Resources 5 Research Time Frame 5 References 6 Aim and Objectives The kay aim of the research is to investigate the effects of smoking ban at work place on employees and these effects may include health effects (employees and passive smokers) and any change in employees’ behaviour and smoking habits. This research aim will achievedRead MoreContent analysis of 9 creative concepts Essays1470 Words   |  6 Pages 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Declaration 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Quantitative content analysis 4 3. Media audience theory 4 4. Questionnaires surveys in media research 7 5. Self assessment and self reflection 9 Sources consulted 10 Declaration I hereby declare that this assignment is my original work, written by me and that is my own effort and that no part has beenRead MoreEssay on Interpretive vs. Objective Theory: Communication Studies1551 Words   |  7 PagesInterpretive Theory Compared to Objective Theory Lindsey Corradino June 9, 2013 Texas Tech University Interpretative and Objective Theory Introduction Understanding the differences and similarities of interpretive and objective theory approaches is key to further expand one’s knowledge of communication studies. Author of A First Look at Communication Theory Em Griffin, describes interpretive theories as â€Å"the linguistic work of assigning meaning or value to communicative texts; assumesRead MoreCognitive Information Processing Versus Brain-Based Learning970 Words   |  4 Pageslearning experience for everyone. The results of Brain-based learning have presented a different perspective from the theories of the past, how it improves current teaching practice, and learning. Like brain research, cognitive information processing also examines the way an individual learns. Cognitivism â€Å"deals with how a learner process information† (Driscoll, 2005, p. 41). This theory explains that they are three stages in which information is processed. These three stages include sensory, working

Occupational Hazards Of The Nursing Profession Essay

In every field of work, there are a number of occupational hazards that put every individual at risk of harm. In a field where the main objective is to help others become well, these numbers can run exceptionally high. Regardless of the type of facility a nurse may work at, the risks remain prevalent. Many companies--or industries--set forth strict guidelines to be followed to help reduce the risks many people face on a daily basis. When most people think of hazards in the nursing profession, they think of accidental needle sticks, psychological distress, and contracting infectious diseases but, sleep deprivation, back injuries, and physical and verbal abuse all come with the territory. â€Å"Bureau of Labor Statistics figures show registered nurses (RNs) ranked fifth of all occupations in 2010 in the number of work days missed due to occupational injuries or illnesses† (American Nurses Association, 2011, p.1) Many risks are faced every day, in an effort to make others feel be tter and able to live happier, healthier lives. Many recommendations have been suggested by the American Nurses Association to cut down some of the negative effects of overworked nurses, including; sleeping 7-9 hours within a 24-hour period, resting before a shift, being aware of the side effects of medications that can make you drowsy, and taking all scheduled meals and breaks. (Cropley, 2015, p.5) Fatigue not only impacts the patient population, but can impact the quality of life of the nurse and canShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Nursing Professionals On The Workplace904 Words   |  4 PagesImpacts on Nursing Professionals Health in the Workplace Nursing is a physically and psychologically demanding profession that can lead to injury and accidents in the workplace. Some of these injuries result in worker compensation claims due to the disabling nature of the injury. â€Å"Overexertion injuries cost America $13.6 billion in 2010 (nominal) compared to $10.0 billion in 1998 despite much research on safer handling practices during this period† (Marucci-Wellman et al., 2015, p. 57) Nurses canRead MoreThe Issues Of The Nursing Profession1693 Words   |  7 Pages 5/4/2016 The issues of the nursing profession have been inflating across the country, and require immediate solutions to stem this growing tide. Even though nursing has great benefits such as health insurance, great pay, and the fact that you get to help people, nursing has many issues. Some of the issues of the nursing profession include work place violence, short staffing and hazardous environments. Research shows that these issues have been inflating across the country, and require immediateRead MoreProfessional And Personal Concern For Nurses1363 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional and personal concern for nurses today. In fact, issues related to staffing levels, unit organization or inequitable assignments are one of the top reasons nurses leave a hospital job, according to Karlene Kerfoot, PhD, RN, and vice president of nursing for API Healthcare. As healthcare costs increase, decreasing the number of staff nurses is often seen as the logical way to combat it. Inadequate staffing and/or increased job responsibilities both cause problems and stress for nurses. One solutionRead MoreThe Critical Appraisal Skills Programme 967 Words   |  4 Pageswhat application or purpose they support. The qualitative study demonstrates attrition from nursing, contributing factors, and possible solutions to maintain nurses in the profession. Aims The goal of the qualitative research article was the work that nurses do in the profession, and why attrition rates are high in the nursing profession. The authors assert that there is a shortage of nurses in the profession, and possessing a high rate of attrition will only contribute to the shortage of nurses (BogossianRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And Its Impact On The Nursing Profession1421 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace bullying is a growing problem in the American workplace and the Nursing Profession no exception. Addressing workplace bullying and its impact on the nursing profession is paramount to upholding patient safety and decreasing nursing attrition rates. Defining the problem is the first step in addressing it. In the past, workplace bullying was referred to as â€Å"Nurses eating their young.† There are many names for the various levels of workplace bullying like horizontal and lateral violenceRead MoreQuestions On Foundations Of Nursing1298 Words   |  6 PagesHNB1102 Foundations of Nursing Name: Annie Ly ID: 3900965 Word Count: Lecturer: Sujashan The â€Å"No Lift† approach is advocated by Worksafe Victoria as best practice for patient manual handling in the healthcare industry. Identify two (2) control measures that fit under this â€Å"No Lift† approach and discuss how they reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries faced by nurses within Australia health care settings. Nurses today, are currently facingRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1676 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace violence (WPV) is defined as â€Å"any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site† (OSHA, n.d., para. 1). For the nursing profession these threats include the following sources: nurse to nurse, patient to nurse, relatives to nurse, other health professionals to nurse. WPV happens in all healthcare settings, however some units are known to have higher incidences than others. One healthcare setting that isRead MoreThe Registered Nurse Functions At An Independent Level Of Nursing1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe registered nurse functions at an independent level of nursing. Registered nurses conduct comprehensive nursing assessments of the health status of clients. A RN is required to conduct the initial assessment of a client. However, the LPN may follow up with con ducting focused assessments. The RN retains overall responsibility for verifying data collected, interpreting data, and formulating nursing diagnoses. A registered nurse is responsible for delegating a task initially and for periodic assessmentsRead MoreMy Nursing Experience1326 Words   |  6 PagesMy Nursing Career Queen Mumuney American Sentinel University My Nursing Career American Nurse Association describes nursing as the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and population (www.ana.org). Nursing is not a field for everyone. A good nurse must have ninety-five percent if notRead MoreImportant Issues Facing the Profession of Nursing Today1561 Words   |  6 PagesThe Most Important Issues in the Profession of Nursing Today Introduction In the medical fraternity, nurses make up the largest healthcare profession. The care of patients depends on the well-being of the nurses, and issues affecting them may affect patients, directly or indirectly. As a profession, nursing, can be both an extremely rewarding and challenging activity. A number of problems exist, and most are becoming worse because of lack of lack of mechanisms to address these issues. The three

Essay on Gender Inequality in the Workplace - 1247 Words

Women have experienced a historic situation of inequality in the social as well as professional aspects. Women were normally the ones that would take care of children, do the chores in the house, and in rural areas; they would work in the field with the rest of the family. However, today’s women have become more self-sufficient and independent from the predominant male figure within every historical family. Gender inequality in the workplace is becoming less common; yet, gender is a factor that affects men and women. Especially women have been subjected to a historical discrimination that has influenced society to decide which job is more suitable for women than men. However women have confronted and tried to break down the barriers that†¦show more content†¦This consists of six main themes; the theme about gender â€Å"†¦acknowledges that men and women are not the same but insists on their right to be equal before the law and treated without discrimination.â⠂¬  Currently, according to statistics from the Department of Labor of the United States; of the â€Å"123 million women age 16 years and over, 58.6 percent or 72 million were labor force participants and in the long run, women are projected to account for 51 percent of the increase in total labor force growth between 2008 and 2018† (U.S. Department of Labor). These numbers will clearly demonstrate to any skeptic that women are leaving behind their old dependence on men and becoming more autonomous and self-determined to succeed; it sounds great, doesn’t it? On the other hand; however, men are losing as women are gaining. The Department of Labor has reported that men have lost about 4.75 million jobs during the current economic recession that started in 2007, while women have only lost 1.66 million. Additionally, â€Å"the only parts of the economy still growing—health care, education and government—have traditionally hired mostly women†( Cauchon). Now, as a result, of the statistics that show that females are overcoming males in the workplace; the gender segregation has created some kind of imaginary â€Å"glass ceiling† that impedes both sexes from advancing professionally and economically. The term â€Å"glass ceiling† isShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Inequality And Gender Inequality1678 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Inequality Brittany N. Shipley Central Penn College Abstract As you are reading you will be informed of the many factors that can contribute to workplace inequality. Three factors associated with workplace would include (1) the individuals gender can determine compensation (2) the race or ethnicity of an individual (3) the age of the individuals. All such factors contribute to the issues of workplace inequality, not only in gender but race and age as well. Keywords: Compensation, jobRead MoreGender Inequality Of The Workplace1255 Words   |  6 Pages Fact or Fiction: Gender Inequality in the Workplace Will respect resolve the gender inequality issue in the workplace? While there s always going to be a person who craves more money because greed is a major factor in why respect is in decline in the workplace. Gender inequality is prevalent in the workplace, but we can bridge the gap if more people had respect for their counterparts. Enforcing this amongst employees will cut down on discrimination lawsuit cases and these companies can growRead MoreGender Inequalities in the Workplace1963 Words   |  8 Pages‘Describe and analyse gender inequalities in the workplace?’ Gender inequalities in the workplace have been an ongoing issue for many years, which has mainly been central to women in the workplace, as senior management has prioritised men over women. This has made it very difficult for women to work their way up to management as women are considered to be incompetent compared to the men in the workplace. The wage gap between men and women has raised much debate, as men are generally more likelyRead MoreGender Inequality And The Workplace Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesGender inequality or also known as gender stratification, is the unequal distribution of a society’s wealth, power, and privilege between females and males. (Scott and Schwartz, 2000). Even though gender equality in the workplace has improved substantially in the US since 1979 especially when women started representing an increasingly larger share of the total workforce and earning about 62 percent as much as men, the women s average pay continues to be lower than thatRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace The generation now has made it easier to equalize men and women but there is still a substantial amount of places where gender inequality is still happening in the workplace and where females still face discrimination. Women are often discriminated in the workplace and are usually not promoted as quickly as men are and they also receive less pay. History shows that women have not always been defined as property and thought of as second class citizens. But inRead MoreGender Inequality And The Workplace1630 Words   |  7 Pageshardship between women and men[1] (Baunach, 2002; Isaac, Kaatz, Carnes, 2012; Levy Temin, 2007). There is substantial research on the role of sex segregation in the workforce, the gender wage gap, the glass ceiling and the differences in median earnings for men and women (England, 2010; England Folbre, 2003). Gender inequities and the economic experiences of women and men continue to be present in the life course as individuals enter senior age (Sullivan M eschede, 2016). Senior women are moreRead MoreGender Inequality During The Workplace1613 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace It was the holiday season and the workers were vigorously working to receive that desperately needed bonus. The day before the holiday break, the workers were eagerly lined up to receive their checks along with their bonuses. After receiving their checks, Susan got a glimpse of Christopher’s check and she noticed how she was paid far less than him even though they both had the same position and worked the same amount of hours. Throughout various aspects of societyRead MoreWorkplace Gender Inequality Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Gender Inequality Gender inequality is currently a hot topic in our society. From education, to the entertainment industry, and more importantly, our daily lives, gender inequality has created a powerful divide between females and males with the seemingly same qualifications and background. The same trend follows in the workplace, females are less likely to hold positions of authority compared to their equivalent male counterparts. This is a key contributor to the lack of gender equalityRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace1379 Words   |  6 Pages  Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences. There is a natural difference also in the relative physical strengths of the sexes. In the workplace Income disparities linked to job stratification Wage discrimination exists when workers are equally qualified and perform the same work butRead MoreGender Inequality During The Workplace1609 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace Times have changed; western women have more influence in the workplace than ever before in history. Today women make up 19% of Congress, almost double the share from 20 years ago. Five percent of women are now serving as CEOs of Fortune 500 companies (Pew Research â€Å"Women in Leadership). Approximately 65 percent of women work in high paying careers, triple that of 40 years ago. The gender gap in salary is also less than it was decades ago. In spite of these advances

Critical Response Paper - 613 Words

How should the institutions be set up when organizing a new government in a country with several religious factions? I would set up a constitutional democracy with a three-tier system much like our own. The differences would be a judiciary would be independent and elected in a general election much like the states do it. The highest court would be the Constitutional court that would hear only cases pertaining to the Constitution; whereas the Supreme Court would be the highest court of appeal for any cases not pertaining to the constitution. This would lighten the load and burden of our highest courts from having to take on the burden of so many different court cases, or quick appeals when it comes to the death penalty. For the†¦show more content†¦The President and Vice President serve so long as their party maintains control of Congress, and do not receive a vote of no confidence. If such a vote is received, the President will have three months in which to announce nat ional elections for every seat in Congress to reestablish a new majority in Congress. The Council appointments are for however long each religious group wishes the individual represent them, or if a new religious group declares itself, then seats will be redistributed accordingly, so that we have an equal amount of votes for each faction, not exceeding 100 members. The courts shall be elected to one ten year term. They cannot be removed by the legislative branch or executive branch. They can only be recalled by the people of the country, with at least 100,000 verifiable signatures on a recall petition. Each province will be responsible for setting up and running its own provisional government that cannot supersede any federal mandates or laws. If in doing so, the case would be heard by the Constitutional Court to decide the matter. Each province is authorized to setup their own tax system for revenue, so long as it does not interfere in the Federal government’s ability to levy taxes. The Federal government will be responsible for printing and distribution of the nationalShow MoreRelatedCritical Response paper 1821 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Liberalism vs. Socialism When looking into different political theories there are many different views and even more political opinions on what is best for any one nation and their citizens. In order to fully understand any component of government we must understand its underlying political ideologies and the beliefs behind its policies and views. Liberalism, conservatism, socialism, fascism, feminism, and environmentalism are well known political ideologies. Each ideology has drastic differencesRead MoreFinal Project Part I Milestone One: Supply, Demand, and Market Equilibrium855 Words   |  4 Pagescom/shop/final-project-part-i-milestone-one-supply-demand-and-market-equilibrium/ Apple is the Company and the product is IPhone 6 3-2 Final Project Part I Milestone One: Supply, Demand, and Market Equilibrium This milestone, which covers Section II of Final Project Part I, should be a paper structured as follows: 1. Describe the price elasticity of supply or demand for your product or service. 2. Explain how two nonprice factors impact the demand of your chosen product or service. 3. Explain how two nonprice factors impact the supplyRead MoreA Course At Northeastern University887 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiences, perspectives, and ideas, practice critical reading strategies, use multiple forms of evidence to support my claims, ideas, and arguments, and I learned how to reflect on my writing processes and self-assess as a writer. Through my experience in this class, I feel that I was able to reach some of the learning goals, but was not able to fully reach others. Through this class, I learned how to work better in groups and provide revision based response to my peers. Before this class, I had a difficultRead MorePhl 320 Critical Thinking and Decision Making in Business Complete Class996 Words   |  4 PagesPHL 320 Critical Thinking and Decision Making in Business Complete Class https://homeworklance.com/downloads/phl-320-critical-thinking-decision-making-business-complete-class/ PHL 320 Week 1 Critical Thinking Discussion and Summary Participate in a class discussion by responding to the following questions: †¢ How would you define critical thinking? What makes a person a critical thinker? †¢ Why is critical thinking important? Provide an example of how critical thinking has helped you inRead MoreDifferent Yardsticks1146 Words   |  5 Pagesto analyze the valence. 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AN AMATEUR LOVE free essay sample

Life is full of wonders, frustrations, disappointments, pains, heartaches and depressions. No one never dreamed of experiencing pain caused by lies, deception, betrayal, mistrust and complications. Life has to be enjoyed, love must be shared but in doing so, you have to do a lot of sacrifices especially in love. My cousins used to tell me not to enter into a relationships unless I have proven myself and that I should focus on my studies first. So, I come to realize that somehow his words were true. What would happen if I engaged in that kind of situation? Will I still be free? Will I still mingle with my friends? Will I still need my parents advice? Come to think of it? As a part of the worlds modernization the youth of today also grows in the essence of itself. Technology is one solid evidence of the worlds progress. We will write a custom essay sample on AN AMATEUR LOVE or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I t is a way of living an advance knowledge of the near future but also one way of forgetting our elders used to tradition and beliefs. The tradition of having a serious relationship of elders come up at the age of 20 for the girls, and 21 for the boys.But as modernization comes up, teens already engage in a serious affairs. We usually call it, An Amateur Love. I have friends, even classmates who already have boyfriends and girlfriends. At first they were very happy but as the days passed by, I found out that they broke up easily because they could not control their emotions. They are immature, insensitive and they can easily find a replacement or a rebound. And so I asked myself, what goodness would it give me if I involve into a relationship? I believe that love is given freely to a person who deserves me, a person who is willing to wait because I know God has prepared somebody out there thats truly right for me. As of of this time I think I should focus my attention to my studies first and my goal is to make my parents proud my achievements as what my aunt once said;studies plus determination equals success. And for that Amateur Love of course will just pass by ,,.

Yet Another The Crucible Essay Example For Students

Yet Another The Crucible Essay Superstition and witchcraft resulted in many being hanged orin prison. In the seventeenth century, a belief in witches andwitchcraft was almost universal. In Salem Massachusettswhere the witch trials take place many people who aresuspicious is accused of witchcraft and hanged. ArthurMiller wrote a play called The Crucible. It is based on theSalem witch trials. The Salem witch trials change manypeoples lives and even led to death for some. The power ofsuperstition and hearsay can distort from the truth. Fourministers of Salem joined Matther, and they spent a wholeday in the house of the afflicted in fasting and prayer. Theresult of which was the delivery of one of the family from thepower of the witch. A niece and daughter of the parishminister at Danvers were first afflicted. Their actionsfrightened other young people, who soon showed the samesymptoms, such as loss of appetite and sickness. A beliefquickly spread over Salem and throughout the state that evilspirits are being seen in Salem. Terror took possession ofthe minds of nearly all the people, and the dread made theaffliction spread widely. The afflicted, under the influence ofthe witchery, admitted to see the forms of their tormentorswith their inner vision (Miller 1082). and would immediatelyaccuse some individual seen with the devil. At times theafflicted and the accused became so numerous that no onewas safe from suspicion and its consequences. Even thosewho were active in the prosecutions became objects ofsuspicion. Revenge often impelled persons to accuse otherswho were innocent and when some statement of the accusedwould move the court and audience in favor of the prisoner. I saw Goody Osborn with the devil (Miller 1060). Theaccuser would declare that they saw the devil standingbeside the victim whispering the words in his or her ear. Theabsurd statement would be believed by the judges. Some,terrified and with the hope of saving their lives or avoidingthe horrors of imprisonment, would falsely accuse theirfriends and relatives, while others moved by the same hopes,would falsely confess themselves to be witches. Many of theaccusers and witnesses came forward and published denialsof the truth of their testimony, to save their own lives. Mr. Paris in the Danver family, who was one of the most strongprosecutors of alleged witches, was compelled to resign hischarge and leave the country. The acknowledgments oferror and pleadings for mercy, could not restore the spiritsof those who are hanged, nor make changes for the painsothers had suffered. The trick had prevailed in greatestdesire more than six months, and it was not decreasing formore than a year. During that time nineteen had beenhanged, and Corey Giles who is killed by the horrid processof pressing to death with stones because he would say if wasguilty or innocent. He continued to say more weight (Miller1113); until he died. In doing so, his family could keep hisland. Others had been tortured or frightened into aconfession of guilt or imprisoned. As one can see the powerof superstition and the hearsay can distort the truth. TheSalem witch trials were horrifying and it changes manypeoples lives. The belief in witches did not end with thestrange excitement. This strang e episode in the history ofMassachusetts astonished the civilized world, and made anunfavorable impression on others. WORK CITED Miller,Arthur. The Crucible. Ellen Bowler. ed. et al. Literature theAmerican Experiance. Englewood cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1994.

Sample Smu Summaries

Sample Smu SummariesA sample set summary essay is very important if you want to take college courses at the university level. The things that make a sample set summary essay a very helpful tool are the following:The first thing that I would like to mention about a sample set summary essay is that it was written by someone who is an expert in the subject matter. He took the time to outline the basics of the entire paper, and he did it with a lot of knowledge and depth.You will note that there are many obvious features that he outlined in the sample. Of course, you can ask him about them if you find his explanation of each of the topics interesting. He does provide detailed explanations of the topic, so if you get stuck in the material, you will be able to go back and check what he has discussed.Another point that was mentioned earlier is that this sample smu summary essay is relatively easy to read. It's no wonder that this is such a popular resource.When we are discussing sample smu summaries, we are not discussing the actual text that they are presenting. We are talking about a single sentence or a brief paragraph that provides an overview of the basics of the subject.This is not something that are so detailed that you cannot absorb a general idea of the material, but it is certainly a good starting point for a thorough examination of the subject. The overall format is simple and easy to understand, and that's the reason why people find it so useful.There are many other useful resources that you can find if you are looking for sample some summaries. It's highly likely that you will find one that is particularly helpful to you.

Hypnotism Essays (980 words) - Hypnosis, James Braid, Hypnotherapy

Hypnotism The Encarta Encyclopedia defines hypnosis as,altered state of consciousness and heightened responsiveness to suggestion; it may be induced by normal persons by a variety of methods and has been used occasionally in medical and psychiatric treatment. Most frequently brought about through actions of an operator, or hypnotist, who engages the attention of a subject and assigns certain tasks to him or her while uttering monotonous, repetitive verbal commands; such tasks may include muscle relaxation, eye fixation, and arm leviation. Hypnosis also may be self-induced, by trained relaxation, concentration on one's own breathing, or by a variety of monotonous practices and rituals that are found in many mystical, philosophical, and religious systems. Another generally reliable source Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary defines it as,a sleep like condition psychically induced, usually by another person, in which the subject loses consciousness but responds, with certain limitations, to the suggestions of the hypnotist. As I stated earlier, these two sources are very reputed and the general population believes that they are correct. Yet, however often they may be correct, in this case they are not, or at least not completely. Not according to the scientific community at least. My sources for this statement are The World Book Encyclopedia, The Wizard from Vienna: Franz Anton Mesmer, Applied Hypnosis: An Overview, American Medical Journal, and Hypnosis: Is It For You? Although they state it in different ways they all basically agree that nobody can give a very accurate definition or description of hypnosis, or hypnosis. Although some may get the definition partly correct, the chances of doing so completely are very, very low. So although I will probably not be able to give a totally accurate account of hypnosis and its workings, I will try. Although evidence suggests that hypnosis has been practiced in some form or another for several thousand years, such as in coal walking, the earliest recorded history of hypnosis begins in 1734. It begins with a man named Franz Anton Mesmer. Although he was eventually disavowed by the scientific community because of his unorthodox methods that made him seem more of a mysticist that a scientist, he is generally known as the father of hypnotism. Mesmer called his methods Mesmerism, thus the word mesmerize, but the name didn't stick, it later changed to hypnosis, its name being derived from Hypnos, the Greek god of sleep. He believed that hypnosis was reached by using a person's animal magnetism. He used mesmerism to cure illness. In 1795 an English physician named James Braid, who was originally opposed to Mesmer's methods became interested. He believed that cures were not due to animal magnetism however, but the power of suggestion. This was the generally accepted opinion of the scientific community. Then in 1825 Jean Marie Charcot, a French neurologist, disagreed with The Nancy School of Hypnotism, which followed the guidelines of James Braid's ideas. Charcot believed that hypnosis was simply a manifestation of hysteria. He revived Mesmer's theory of animal magnetism and identified the three stages of the trance; lethargy, catalepsy, and somnambulism. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) was not a scientist who worked with hypnosis. Although he had nothing to do with the hypnotic development itself, his Stimulus Response Theory is a cornerstone linking and anchoring behaviors, particularly NLP (Neuro-Linguistic Programming). Emily Coue (1857-1926) a physician, formulated the Laws of Suggestion which are greatly used in the hypnotic community. Her first law is The Law of Concentrated Attention: Whenever attention is concentrated on an idea over and over again, it spontaneously tends to realize itself. The second law is- The Law of Reverse Action: The harder one tries to do something, the less chance one has of success. Finally, the last law is The Law of Dominant Effect: A stronger emotion tends to replace a weaker one. Milton Erickson (1932-1974), a psychologist and psychiatrist pioneered the art of indirect suggestion in hypnosis. He is considered the father of modern hypnosis. His methods bypassed the conscious mind through the use of both verbal and nonverbal pacing techniques including metaphor, confusion, and many others. He was definitely a major influence in contemporary hypnotherapy's acceptance by the American Medical Association. There are many misconceptions about hypnosis that are totally without basis. Such as, Hypnotized persons will tell secrets or will always tell the truth. The truth is, hypnosis will not cause a person to tell information the do not want to tell and a person under hypnosis can purposefully lie or

Wishing Someone a Happy Birthday in German

Wishing Someone a Happy Birthday in German If youre going to speak the language, its important to learn how to wish someone a happy birthday in German. Before giving birthday greetings, though, you need to know about an important cultural point especially among older Germans: Wishing a German a happy birthday before his special day is considered bad luck, so dont do it. And as for gifts and cards you may want to send, make sure to mark on the package that the recipient should open it only on her birthday or afterward- but never before. There are also a number of ways to say happy birthday in German, but birthday wishes can vary widely whether they are spoken or written, or even depending on where the recipient resides in Germany. Spoken Birthday Expressions The following phrases first show how to say happy birthday in German, followed by the translation in English. Note that the translations are the English equivalents and not literal, word-for-word  translations. Herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch zum Geburtstag!   Happy birthday!Alles Gute zum Geburtstag!   Have a good birthday!All das Beste zum Geburtstag!   All the best on your birthday!Viel Glà ¼ck zum Geburtstag!   Best of luck on your birthday!Ich gratuliere Ihnen zu Ihrem 40/50/60 etc.   Congratulations on your 40/50/60th etc. birthday.Herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch nachtrglich.   Happy belated birthday. Written Birthday Expressions You can write all of the above-mentioned expressions in a card, but if you want something a little more ausfà ¼hrlicher (detailed), you may want to try some of these expressions. Herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch zum Geburtstag und viel Glà ¼ck/Erfolg im neuen Lebensjahr!   Happy birthday and much happiness/success in the new year.Ich wà ¼nsche dir zu deinem Geburtstag alles Liebe und Gute- verbringe einen wunderschà ¶nen Tag im Kreise deiner Lieben.   I wish you all the best on your birthday. May you spend a wonderful day surrounded by those you love.Ich wà ¼nsche dir einen herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch zum Geburtstag und alles Liebe und Gute und ganz viel Gesundheit und Spaß. Lass dich schà ¶n feiern.   I wish you a happy birthday and all the best and much health and fun. Have a good time celebrating.Herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch und alles Gute zum Geburtstag wà ¼nscht dir (your name).   I wish you happy birthday and all the best on this day.Herzlichen Glà ¼ckwunsch zum (birthday number)sten und alles Gute. Happy Xth birthday and all the best. Happy Birthday From All Over Germany Not every city or town in Germany says happy birthday the same way. You may run into variations in dialect, depending on where you are in the country and where the birthday  Junge oder Mdchen, Mann oder Frau  (boy or girl, man or woman) lives. The city or region is listed on the left, followed by the German happy birthday greeting and then the English translation. Bayern (Bavaria): Ois Guade zu Deim Geburdstog!   Happy birthday!Berlin: Alles Jute ooch zum Jeburtstach!   All the best on your birthday!Friesland: Lokkiche jierdei!   Happy birthday!Hessen (Hesse): Isch gratelier Dir aach zum Geburtstach!   I congratulate you on your birthday.Kà ¶ln (Cologne): Alles Juute zum Jeburtstaach!   All the best  on  your birthday!Norddeutschland (Plattdeutsch - Low German): Ick wà ¼nsch Di alls Gode ton Geburtsdach!   I wish you all the best on your birthday.

Blog #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Blog #3 - Essay Example Another important gear is a helmet. The helmet protects a person on site from injuries from overhead loose chippings. Most construction sites are on open air and hence protect the employees from harsh weather conditions. Construction equipment should be used in such a manner that they do not hurt the user and the people around them. Most construction tools are metallic and hence can cause serious injuries if misused (Rowlinson, 2004). The safety codes of construction requires that any equipment should only be utilized if it is the in its best condition. Construction managers should, therefore, ensure that all the tools are in good use so as to avoid any possible injuries. The sector makes use of many types of machinery due to the nature of the job. The machines can cause severe damages is they are not properly used. Machines users of cranes should ensure that the sweep area of the crane is clear before operating it (Rowlinson, 2004). Other machines such as compactors and excavators should be used in an area with minimal traffic to avoid possible

Security and Loss Prevention Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Security and Loss Prevention - Assignment Example Second, the internal control program will discourage the fraud-minded employees and management staff from implementing their illegal acts. Third, the company’s usual fraud and error occurrences will be reduced or even eliminated. Fourth, investors will have more confidence in a company that has a comprehensive internal control program in place. Last, companies can prepare more realistic financial statements will be prepared to the different stakeholders of the company (Hillison, 1999). There are several specific benefits of implementing the comprehensive control program. First, implementing a control program that includes allowing only authorized persons to enter the accounting office will prevent unauthorized persons from manipulating the accounting data in order to present false financial reports. False reports include presenting fraudulently presenting a higher sales amount compared to the actual sales figure. Second, one can specifically advise the company to implement pas swords to access all computer database and other computer software programs. For example, the use of passwords will similarly prevent the marketing manager from increasing the sales figure in order to show management that the sale management’s monthly sales quota was achieved. ... The use of passwords will identify to the person who altered accounting entries such as inventory amounts and sales amounts. Third, one can specifically advise the company that internal control will ensure financial statement balances are more reliable. Internal control will indicate the inventory balance is presented in the financial statements are more reliable compared to inventory reports where control programs are absent. Internal control procedure includes comparing the physical count of the inventory as basis for correcting reported inventory amounts shown in the inventory records. Internal control of having another person check the recording of the receivables accounts by comparing the sales invoices with the amounts recorded in the financial reports will ensure the accounts receivable balances are efficiently and effectively recorded on time and in the proper accounting periods (Bierstaker, 2006). Fourth, one can specifically advise the company that control program procedure s will ensure compliance with applicable government laws and regulations. For example, installing an accounting program that will automatically compute the taxes for each accounting period will prevent the accounting personnel from erroneously or fraudulently preparing a fraudulent or erroneous report. The erroneous or fraudulent report will indicate the company must pay a lower amount of taxes when compared to the computer generated higher actual tax liability. The internal control procedure includes ensuring the computer software is constantly updated to reflect the updated tax laws rates on income tax and other related business taxes (Bierstaker, 2006). In terms of detective control procedures, there are several procedures that must be

Environmental analysis of Nivea in Thailand

Environmental analysis of Nivea in Thailand In todays world, all businesses are facing the dynamic of world economy. In business world, there is always strong competition in the market with new business players and convergence of the industry. Companies have to adjust themselves in order to survive and to conduct good performances; even the market leader of the industry needs to be successful with improved performance, high profitability and competitive edge. To be successful, a business needs to set its overall direction for the company through business plan aiming to achieve business goals and objectives. One of the most important parts of the overall business plan is the marketing plan. In formulating an effective marketing plan, a company needs to follow segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) steps as they are the foundation of marketing strategy (Desarbo et al., 2008). STP process is in the area of market-oriented approach, which primarily examines the external environment based on market needs so as to develop products which well respond to the market. Currently, while the overall markets are becoming more mature and customer needs are greatly diverse, the use of STP strategy is indispensable. In highly dynamic environment, most companies conduct segmentation research studying the changes in the marketplace and adapt themselves to the dynamic world. Therefore, it is very common that most businesses are increasingly segmenting markets and identifying each target market in order to explore new opportunities, develop right positioning to establish brand image and brand reputation, deliver proper communications to the target audiences, and also effectively invest resources and specific capabilities to the main marketing activities. The company will be able to create a value proposition specific to the target market by developing an effective marketing strategy, including marketing mix. By going through the STP process, a company will be likely to establish its own identity and differentiate itself from other competitors in the marketplace. This research studies the mens grooming product industry in Thailand. The methodology is to examine how the product owner develops its marketing strategy and how the STP process has vital role in formulating the strategy. In Thailand, mens grooming market is a high growth industry, with approximately 14 percent growth annually from 2005 to 2008 and the market size in 2009 expanded with the value of Bt5.5 billion. Growth of the industry in year 2008 mainly came from growth of mens skin care market, with 26% percent growth in terms of current value (Euromonitor International: Mens Grooming Products Thailand, 2009). Mens skin care market is considered not only an attractive market but also a very highly competitive market in Thailand. This paper uses a case study of NIVEA FOR MEN brand in Thailand, the line of products manufactured by Beiersdorf Thailand, as it is a good case study about mens skincare market. Moreover, it specifically concentrates on male skin care market which is segmentation method of NIVEA FOR MEN. Therefore, this case study is of interest of the author to study the whole process of STP which can lead to the formulating of marketing strategy of a leading brand in mens skin care market, NIVEA FOR MEN. Prior to this study, there have been some researches studying male consumers behaviors which claimed that men consumers are now much more a part of modern consumerism as women (Sturrock et al., 1998). In recent years, a number of researchers aim their interests at male consumers in order to study male consumption of products and styles which contributes to the production of self image (Firat, 1993), and also the construction of self concept (Thompson and Hirschman, 1995). In this paper, the qualitative approach, in-depth interview will be the main research method. The research will provide more details of the area of study and clarify the discussed concepts. 1.2 Purpose of the project Points of the authors interest in this research are the rapid growth of mens grooming product industry and the way a leading brand in this industry has employed marketing strategies. An overall purpose of the project is to study the thorough process of segmentation, targeting, and positioning (STP process) that is the main part in creating effective marketing strategy, and to examine how and to what extent the STP process can be applied to men skin care industry as well as to assess its implementation on a leading brand in men skin care market, NIVEA FOR MEN which is owned by Beiersdorf Company. 1.3 Design of the Project and Objectives This paper mainly deals with the scope of the process of segmentation, targeting, and positioning of a leading brand in men skin care market. As the stated process is the foundation and genesis of marketing strategy formulation, this research covers the linkage among these market-led marketing strategies. The paper will analyze market attractiveness in Thailand, and male consumers needs as well as Beiersdorf Thailand resources and capabilities. The investigation will be done by in-depth interview with marketers in Beiersdorf Thailand in order to gain insight information about the STP process and also the implementation of NIVEA FOR MEN marketing strategies. After all, the theory will be concluded and will also be used as a base of recommendation for the potential growth direction of NIVEA FOR MEN, a market leader in the very high growth industry. The objectives of this research are as follows to trace the origins of marketing strategy concept in real word situation in mens grooming products market and men skin care market in Thailand; to investigate the process of segmentation, targeting, and positioning of NIVEA FOR MEN brand; to examine the linkage among segmentation, targeting, and positioning as well as to study how STP process leads to the formulation of marketing strategy of NIVEA FOR MEN; to study the creation of competitive positioning and marketing plan as a market leader men facial care industry; and to make recommendation in respect of the maintenance of its market leader positioning according to consumers perspectives. 1.4 NIVEA International History and NIVEA Thailand History The case study of Beiersdorf Thailand, NIVEA FOR MEN is used in this research as it is the best case to study about the market-oriented approach with focusing on segmentation, targeting, and positioning process. Moreover, it is of interest of the author as NIVEA FOR MEN, with the various lines of products, is the leading brand in Thai rapid growth industry, mens skin care market. The history of Beiersdorf AG is briefly summarised (See Appendix [4-1]). Both NIVEA international history and NIVEA Thailand history are summerised to illustrate NIVEAs current conditions in world market and in Thailand. 1.4.1 NIVEA International History Figure [1-1]: NIVEA Worldwide Source: www.nivea.com NIVEA is one of the worlds leading international skincare industries, founded in 1911 in Germany by Oskar Troplowitz, who named the company NIVEA, from the Latin word nix or nivis, meaning snow, in reference to the colour of the product. Currently, NIVEA is claimed to be the worlds largest skincare brand with a strong international presence in around 170 countries and an enviable reputation. Also, Beiersdorf has had strong sales worldwide as during 2008 and 2009, Beiersdorfs annual sales in terms of worldwide products sales are at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 5,971 million and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 5,748 million, respectively. Beiersdorf had already established an international presence with a large number of products prior to World War II. Trademarks were registered in many countries in order to protect these brands. According to the Beiersdorf website (2010) after World War II, these trademarks were lost in almost all countries, particularly those for NIVEA, and the company tried in each of these countries to recover the trademarks. Beiersdorf began expanding internationally in 1952s. Among the countries involved in the first international expansion were the Netherlands, followed by Argentina, Switzerland and Brazil in 1958. The following overview shows when the rights were recovered in each country. 1961 Sweden 1963 Mexico 1966 Finland/Denmark 1968 African Commonwealth Countries (except South Africa) 1973 U.S.A 1974 France incl. former colonies, now Chad, Mali, Cameroon, The Congo, etc 1977 Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Gibraltar, Cyprus, Malta, Bermuda, Bahamas, Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago 1985 Norway 1992 United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, Israel, Australia 1993 Romania 1998 Poland Besides guaranteeing continued high quality on individual products, NIVEA expanded their product range into new cosmetic fields, such as decorative cosmetics and hairstyling and made notable innovations in skincare. Moreover, NIVEA began expanding their product line to provide complete cosmetic care for the whole family and for style-conscious singles. 1.4.2 NIVEA Thailand History In 1984, the NIVEA brand was introduced in Thailand, imported and distributed by Beiersdorf (Thailand) Co., Ltd. The brand was introduced as the first mass market skincare cream and the worlds first true cosmetic moisturizer in the famous blue tin with the white logo. NIVEAs products included NIVEA Crà ¨me, Skin Lotion and Labello Lip Care. According to the Beiersdorf (2010) website, Thai Food and Drug Administration (FDA) chooses the NIVEA factory for shooting Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) Introduction Video. Later, in 1995, NIVEA obtained the GMP certificate from the local FDA Public Health Ministry which was the first GMP certificated to a cosmetic factory in Thailand and NIVEA Research and Development (RD) presented the New Method in Non-Animal Allergy Testing, to the Dean and professors of Pharmaceuticals Science Faculty, Chulalongkorn University. (Nivea website, 2010). By 2008, NIVEA in Thailand was successfully growing and had achieved an excellent 32% market share in the Super Hypermarkets sales channel which is of strategic importance in the Thai market (Nivea website, 2010). Overall, in skin care market, Beiersdorf Thailand is market leader with 11.9 percent market shares in 2008. In this year, Beiersdorf Thailand overtook Unilever Thai Holdings to lead sector sales (Euromonitor International: Skin Care Thailand, 2009) (See Appendix [1-2]). In Thailand, NIVEA achieved market leadership in Mens grooming sectors in year 2008 with 23.4 percent market share, followed by Gillette by Procter Gamble with 14.1 percent market share (Euromonitor International: Mens grooming products Thailand, 2009) (See Appendix [1-3]). NIVEA is also number one in body care sector, with body care brand share 23 percent and 23.5 percent in 2007 and 2008, respectively. (Euromonitor International: Skin Care Thailand, 2009) (See Appendix [1-4]). The NIVEA brand is now available in Thailand in the following products: NIVEA Body NIVEA FOR MEN NIVEA Visage NIVEA Deodorant NIVEA Sun NIVEA Lip Care NIVEA Bath Care

How Kurt Vonneguts Life Efected his Work :: essays papers

How Kurt Vonneguts Life Efected his Work Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. was born in Indianapolis in 1922. His father was an architect, his mother a noted beauty. Both spoke German, but wouldn’t teach Kurt the language because of all the anti-German sentiment following the first World War. While in high school, Vonnegut edited the school's daily newspaper. He attended Cornell for a little over two years and wrote for the Cornell Daily Sun. In 1942, he was drafted into the U.S. Army. In 1944, his mother committed suicide and he was taken prisoner following the Battle of the Bulge. After the war, Vonnegut entered a Masters program in anthropology at the University of Chicago. His thesis, titled Fluctuations Between Good and Evil in Simple Tales, was not accepted, but eventually he was awarded his MA for his writings in Cat’s Cradle. Throughout the 1950s Vonnegut published numerous short stories in national magazines. Player Piano, his first novel, appeared in 1952. This was followed by Sirens of Titan in 1959, Mother Night (1962), Cat's Cradle (1963), God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater (1965), and his most highly-praised book, Slaughterhouse Five in 1969. Vonnegut has been prolific in the subsequent years, too. His most recent novel Timequake was published in 1997. On February 13, 1945, while Vonnegut was still a POW in Dresden, the city was bombed killing 135,000 citizens. Vonnegut and other Allied POW’s took shelter in an underground meat locker. This was the basis for one of Vonnegut’s most famous works, Slaughterhouse-Five. "All of this happened, more or less. The war parts, anyway, are pretty much true."1 So begins Slaughterhouse-Five. In the book an American POW named Billy Pilgrim witnesses and survives the firebombing of Dresden. Later, after he makes it home from the war, Pilgrim is kidnapped by aliens from the planet Tralfamadore. They explain to him their concept of time and space and that we exist solely for them. Vonnegut has said that he always intended to write about his experience, but was unable to do so for more than twenty years. He wanted to simply describe what happened through a narrative, but it never worked. The novel is a response to war. "It is so short and jumbled and jangled," says Vonnegut, "because there is nothing intelligent to say about a massacre." It’s easy to see how Vonnegut’s war time experience had an influence on Slaughterhouse-Five but, his knowledge of war also had some influence on Cat’s Cradle.

Assessment and its important part of education process

Recently, research workers have progressively recognised the importance of formative appraisal in bettering kids ‘s advancement and attainment ( Bone, 1999 ; Wiliam et al. , 2004 ) . Although groundss provided in this work suggest that policies have underestimated the complexness of this sort of assessment- and that some instructors find it hard to do- the benefits of formative appraisal can far outweigh the disadvantages. Appraisal has become a really of import portion of instruction procedure and it has advanced well over the past old ages ( Johnston et al. , 2009 ; Hall and Burk, 2004 ) and, as our instruction system becomes more course of study focused, the accent moves progressively to how instructors teach and how kids are taught ( Butt, 2010 ) . In this position, acquisition is concerned with the building of apprehension, accomplishments and attitudes ( Johnston, 1996 ; Pritchard, 2005 ) . In other words, it is concerned with the type of larning pupils become involved with. In add-on, why and how we assess students has an tremendous impact on their educational experience and accordingly on how and what they learn ( Wynne, 2007 ) . In the visible radiation of these, this work aims to specify what appraisal is, puting peculiar focal point in the formative appraisal. It will besides critically analyze how formative appraisal may back up students ‘ acquisition, back uping the analysis with theories on kid development and kids ‘s acquisition, every bit good as observations and grounds from school experiences. Appraisal ‘ The appraisal of kids has to function a assortment of intent, but it is chiefly to inform determinations made by the instructor about what work a kid is capable of pull offing ‘ . Hayes ( 2006 ) Assessment means different things in different contexts and it is besides carried out for different intents ( Arthur et al. , 2006 ) . During my preliminary fond regard I noticed that instructors were measuring all the clip and some of those appraisals were traveling on besides during learning. For illustration, while learning, instructors picked up information about kids ‘s cognition through eavesdropping ( where in group treatment, the instructor would stand by a tabular array, but listening to the other table treatment alternatively ) or oppugning and they besides assessed the degree of apprehension of the category through a speedy quiz or game at the beginning or terminal of the lesson. Those appraisals have helped instructors to see what works and what does non in footings of pupil acquisition. However, they normally used this information to measure their ain lesson and/or the degree of cognition and apprehension of the category, instead than to do formal appraisals which could be fed back to students ( Preliminary Attachment, 2010 ) . From reflecting in illustrations from theory and pattern, it is possible to state that appraisal in instruction involves doing opinions about students ‘ attainments ( Alexander, 2010 ; Preliminary Attachment, 2010 ) . In other words, it involves instructors make up one's minding on how they will roll up information, what information is relevant, how they will come to a opinion and so how to describe and notice a judgement to those who want to cognize how students are accomplishing ( Arthur et al. , 2006 ; Aldgate et al. , 2006 ; Hayes, 2006 ; Hughes, 2008 ) . In add-on, appraisal is frequently divided into summational and formative classs for the intent of sing different aims for appraisal patterns ( Pollard et al. , 2005 ; Arthur, et al. , 2006 ; Butt, 2010 ) . Yet, argument continues over whether and how summational and formative appraisal should be distinguished ( Threlfall, 2005 ; Wynne, 2005 ) . In its summational function, the intent of appraisal is to judge students ‘ quality and features, summarizing these in a clear and widely acceptable format. Summational appraisal is besides known as appraisal of acquisition ( Threlfall, 2005 ; Arthur et al. , 2006 ) and grounds for this type of appraisal may come from formal testing of what has been learnt, taking to bring forth Markss or classs which may be used for different intents, such as studies of assorted types ( Pollard et al. , 2008 ) . Furthermore, surveies indicate that summational appraisal can hold a negative impact on pupils ‘ motive for larning, as instead than adv ancing ‘intrinsic ‘ motivation- in which they perform because they are interested and engaged with the work, summational appraisal is believed to advance ‘extrinsic ‘ motive, in which pupils merely react to the promise of some sort of wages ( Crooks, 1988 ; Sansome and Harackiewicz, 2000 ; Wynne, 2001 ) . On the other manus, appraisal besides has a formative map. In this function, appraisal is closely linked with pupils ‘ acquisition procedures, naming pupils ‘ strengths and failings, assisting pupils to develop self-awareness ; supplying feedback on countries of larning necessitating farther work ; assisting to steer them in their surveies and by and large actuating them and advancing the coveted acquisition result ( Pollard et al. , 2008 ; Alexander, 2010 ) . FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT AND PUPILS ‘ Learning ‘Assessment for acquisition is any appraisal for which the first precedence in its design and pattern is to function the intent of advancing students ‘ acquisition. It therefore differs from appraisal designed chiefly to function the intents of answerability, or of superior, or of attesting competency ‘ . ( Black et al. , 2002, p.7 ) Furthermore, harmonizing to researches, some of the cardinal elements of formative appraisal include the designation by instructors and pupils of larning ends, purposes or results and standards for accomplishment ; conversations, with feedback, between instructors and pupils that build on what is known and what is to be learned ; active engagement of pupils in their ain acquisition and besides instructors reacting to identified larning demands and strengths by modifying and/or accommodating instruction schemes, stuffs and attacks ( Stiggins, 1992 ; Stiggins and Conklin, 1992 ; Fontana and Fernandes, 1994 ; Fredrickson and White, 1997 ; Black and Wiliam, 1998a ; Shepard, 2000 ; Boston, 2002 ; Guskey, 2003 ; Liang and Creasy, 2004 ) . In the visible radiation of these, instructors can utilize the information of where pupils are holding problem and how they are come oning, to do necessary accommodations, such as re-teaching and seeking alternate instructional attacks. These activities c an take to improved students success. Harmonizing to Pryor and Crossouard ( 2005, p. 2 ) formative appraisal occupies a ‘curious and somewhat self-contradictory ‘ place within educational theory. Although may be argued that formative appraisal has ever been a cardinal portion of educational pattern it was merely in the late sixtiess and seventiess that the term was invented ( Black and Wiliam, 2003 ) . Furthermore, as a consequence of a turning international dissatisfaction with current signifiers of appraisal, formative appraisal was one of a figure of thoughts that attracted the attending of educational research workers ( Bloom et al. , 1971 ) . Since the beginning of the 1990s it has enjoyed considerable attending, particularly in schools, under the rubric of Assessment for Learning, following Caroline Gipps ‘s differentiation from appraisal of acquisition ( Gipps, 1994 ) . Part of this involvement has involved a acknowledgment that dominant signifiers of summational appraisal did non hold a good tan trum with constructivist larning theories, whereas formative appraisal seemed to offer distinguishable possibilities. Since so a significant figure of surveies, peculiarly in the UK, at all degrees of instruction have attempted to aline formative appraisal with modern-day psychological theories of acquisition ( Gipps et al.,1995 ; Boud 1995 ; Black et al. , 2002 ; Hall and Burke 2003 ) and others have besides taken history of sociological positions ( Torrance and Pryor 1998 ; Filer and Pollard 2000 ; Ecclestone 2002 ) . In add-on, in order to incorporate formative appraisal into schoolroom pattern, a scope of appraisal schemes and techniques are presently in topographic point taking to better students ‘ acquisition. Some of those schemes, which I have had the chance to detect and critically analyse during my preliminary fond regard, are: feedback, self- appraisal and schoolroom treatment. Feedback ‘Unless pupils are able to utilize the feedback to bring forth improved work, neither they nor those giving the feedback will cognize that it has been effectual ‘ . ( Boud, 2000, p.158 ) Black and Wiliam ( 1998a ) research on whether formative appraisal raises academic criterions in the schoolroom, shows that attempts to beef up formative appraisal can bring forth important acquisition additions ( Black and Wiliam, 1998b ) and their analysis of these surveies has shown that feedback resulted in positive benefits on acquisition and accomplishment across all content countries, cognition and accomplishment types and degrees of instruction ( Black and Wiliam, 1998a ) . Furthermore, when feedback is given as portion of formative appraisal, it helps to steer students through the actions they need to accomplish their end, doing them cognizant of any gaps existent between their current cognition, understanding or accomplishment and their coveted end ( Ramaprasad, 1983 ; Sadler, 1989 ) . Besides, it is taken for granted by constructivist theory that supplying information or feedback to pupils in an ongoing mode, such as that which formative appraisal should supply, will bring forth positive consequences ( Shepard, 2000 ) . Yet, during my preliminary fond regard, I have observed a twelvemonth 2 instructor giving pupils feedback information on their work. The scheme in topographic point was called ‘two stars and a wish ‘ , where the instructor collected students ‘ work and compared their public presentation to the acquisition ends, foregrounding two good points about their work and one point necessitating betterment. The instructor gave students their work back, bespeaking students to set their initials below the feedback to show that they have understood what needed to be improved. However, I have observed that some students, who put their initials below the feedback, found the feedback hard to understand, particularly when the acquisition ends had non been assimilated in first topographic point. For illustration, a peculiar student had the feedback: ‘Make certain you use two adjectives in your sentence to depict people and topographic points ‘ ( Preliminary Attachment, 2010 ) . This feedback given by the instructor was non sufficient to assist this peculiar student to shut the spread, as he did non to the full understand what adjectives were in first topographic point and was still unable to use this cognition in his hereafter work. Black and Wiliam ( 1998a ) farther elaborate on this communicating issue when they discuss the links between the manner a feedback message is received and what pupils do w ith that message. Besides, Hayes ( 2006 ) argues that in offering feedback, instructors must utilize remarks which guarantee that students understand their significance. He besides suggests that, ideally, kids should be given clip to believe and react to the instructor ‘s remark and be involved in the appraisal procedure, instead than inactive receivers, as these give them a sense of ownership in their acquisition. This position is shared by Piaget, who is concerned with the cognition and apprehension and the manner which new information is dealt with by immature scholars ( Sullivan, 1969 ) . Furthermore, the larning theory of Piaget and Inhelder ( McCarthy Gallagher and Reid, 2002 ) , which is the first effort to garner together constructs and research surveies of Piaget ‘s cognitive theory that direct relates to larning theories, besides suggest that the growing in cognition is frequently sparkled by a feedback procedure that consequences from oppugning, contradictions and accordingly reorganization. This manner, it is important that any theoretical account of feedback must take history of the manner pupils make sense of, and usage, feedback information, as suggested by Black and Wiliam ( 1998a ) . On the other manus, another observation on instructor ‘s feedback, evidenced during my preliminary fond regard, in a twelvemonth 6 category, had a more positive result. The instructor sat beside the student while giving him feedback and she explained to the student what needed improving, clear uping any misconceptions. Besides, when written feedback was given, kids were encouraged to react with a written remark of their ain. It was observed that this scheme has helped kids to make full the spreads and advancement in their acquisition, as the feedback to pupils was focused on accomplishment and had identified the following stairss in acquisition, in ways that students could understand and move upon ( Preliminary Attachment, 2010 ) . This is supported by Duschl and Gitomer ( 1997 ) , who argue that aggregations of pupil work may besides be used formatively if pupils every bit good as instructors annotate their remarks and continually detect their advancement. These show that the most helpful type of feedback on prep and trials are the 1s which instructors provide students with specific remarks sing to mistakes, offering specific suggestions for betterment and besides promoting students to concentrate their attending on their undertaking, instead than merely being concerned if their replies are right ( Bangert-Drowns et al.,1991 ; Elawar and Corno, 1985 ; Irons, 2007 ) . SELF- ASSESSMENT ‘It is clear that self-esteem, so cardinal to success both in school and in life more by and large, harmonizing to recent research, is all excessively frequently eroded by the experience of negative ratings. ( Weeden et al. , 2002, p. 152 ) Learners can besides play an of import function in formative appraisal through self-evaluation. This position is supported by experimental research surveies which have shown that when pupils understand the acquisition aims and assessment standards and are given chances to reflect on their work, they normally show greater betterment when comparing with those who do non ( Fontana and Fernandes, 1994 ; Frederikson and White, 1997 ) . In add-on, surveies show that public presentation additions were besides witnessed among pupils with larning disablements who are taught to utilize self-monitoring schemes related to their apprehension of reading and composing undertakings ( McCurdy and Shapiro, 1992 ; Sawyer et al. , 1992 ) . During my preliminary fond regard, twelvemonth 6 students were encouraged to measure their work by composing a remark saying if they found their work easily, mean or difficult. Students were besides encouraged to put marks for themselves and observe what aspects needed betterment. In this juncture, students demonstrated to be actively engaged with their self-assessment and were able to build their cognition and set challenges for themselves in order to accomplish their ends ( Preliminary Attachment, 2010 ) . Piaget suggests that kids should be free to work in different ways and learn through active geographic expedition and personal find ( Sullivan, 1969 ) and from a constructivist point of position, acquisition is non a inactive procedure and so, battle must be at the start of the procedure of acquisition ( Pritchard, 2005 ) . In other words, pupils learn most efficaciously when they actively construct their ain cognition, understanding and accomplishments based on their ain explora tory activities and contemplation. In add-on to this, active battle is an index that existent acquisition takes topographic point and cognizing that they can get by with troubles makes students seek challenges and get the better of farther jobs ( Clark, 2008 ) . Besides, Vygotsky ‘s Zone of Proximal Development ( Vygotsky, 1978 ; Smidt, 2006 ) shows that students learn best when they have a somewhat hard undertaking which they have to work at and which leads them to a province of ‘flow ‘ . Claxton ( 2002 ) suggests that ‘flow ‘ describes how engaged a individual is in an activity, the degree of soaking up and how engaged they are in their acquisition. However, in the same school, twelvemonth 1 students were asked to measure their work by seting their work in the several trays: smiley face if the work was easy, impersonal face if the work was all right and sad face if the work was difficult. While standing beside the trays, detecting the students while they assessed their work, I notice a kid stating: ‘I found this work hard, but I do n't wish sad faces! ‘ The kid them put her work in the tray with a smiley face ( Preliminary Attachment, 2010 ) . Over the last decennary there has been an increasing involvement in schemes that encourage pupils to take a more active function in the direction of their ain acquisition ( Falkchikov, 1995 ; Hyland, 2000 ) . Black and Wiliam ( 1998a, p.54 ) make the statement that ‘a pupil who automatically follows the diagnostic prescription of a instructor without apprehension of its intent will non larn ‘ , while Sadler ( 1989 ) argues that the intent of formative appraisal should be to fit pupils bit by bit with the appraising accomplishments that their instructors ‘ possess. On the other manus, the fact that the pupil found the work hard, yet placed it inside the smiley face tray, can be related to the kid ‘s self-esteem. Clark ( 2008 ) argues that kids love to be praised for their intelligence and endowment, but if this is the norm, the minute they encounter an obstruction, their assurance beads. If success means that they are clever, than, failure can merely intend the y are non. In the visible radiation of this, students can non work with the message that they can accomplish their marks by seting things right when they are clouded by overtones about ability, competition and comparing with others ( Black and Wiliam, 1998b ; Miller and Lavin, 2007 ) . Studies show ( Elliot and Dwenck, 1988 ; Dwenck, 1989 ) that schemes based on public presentation ends, such as smiley faces, adversely affects public presentation and they tend to take students to impute trouble to low ability and go disquieted when faced with trouble or failure ( Clark, 2008 ) . Miller and Lavin ( 2007, p.6 ) argue that there is limited research grounds which shows that formative appraisal will non needfully hold good effects on self-pride. However, they suggest that there is a demand to look into contexts where instructors are doing usage of formative appraisal as an built-in portion of their daily instruction, such as: ‘in busy primary schoolrooms, over longer periods of clip and utilizing a scope of different schemes and techniques presently endorsed as ‘good pattern ‘ , in order to happen out whether formative appraisal procedures might impact kids to different grades or in different ways. CLASSROOM DISCUSSION ‘What a kid can make in co-operation today, he will be able to make entirely tomorrow ‘ . ( Vygotsky, 1962 ) Since the end of formative appraisal is to give instructors an apprehension of what pupils know, or do n't cognize, and utilize this information to do antiphonal alterations in instruction and acquisition, schemes such as schoolroom treatment and instructor observation have an of import topographic point alongside analysis of trials and prep ( Spendlove, 2009 ) . Furthermore, the usage of oppugning and schoolroom treatment as chances to better students understanding and increase their cognition is besides encouraged by Black and Wiliam ( 1998b ) . However, they caution that instructors need to guarantee that thoughtful and brooding inquiries are asked, instead than simple and factual 1s, and pupils must be given equal clip to react. During my preliminary fond regard I had the chance to detect two categories where the instructors had in topographic point a scheme called think-pair-share, where the instructors gave the category a subject and asked kids to discourse their thought in brace or in groups of four. If in groups, students had to take one representative to portion the thought with the category. The instructors took into history kids ‘s old cognition of the topic and built on it to scaffold kids ‘s acquisition. Sing to cognitive development, the treatment was really productive and led to higher quality authorship, a higher degree of speech production and hearing and it has besides increased students assurance in their ability to lend. However, although some instructors in the school acknowledged that treatment and scaffold duologue have a great cognitive potency, they found this scheme really hard, as it demanded much on instructors ‘ accomplishments and capable cognition ( Preliminary At tachment, 2010 ) . Spendlove ( 2009 ) argues that although the think-pair-share scheme requires readying from the instructor, when used efficaciously, it engages the whole category in thought, speech production and listening through treatment and sharing co-operative acquisition with equals. In add-on, Torrance and Pryor ( 1998, p. 131 ) suggest that a focal point group appraisal can bring forth a great trade of information about kids ‘s cognition accomplishments and understanding piece at the same clip contribute to the procedure of making apprehension. Every kid is alone ( DfES, 2004 ) , develops in different gait ( DCSF, 2008 ) and has his/her ain storage of cognition ( Fisher, 1995 ) . Children can make a batch of speaking when given clip and infinite by a instructor prepared to listen and detect ( Robson, 2006 ) . Such talk provides grounds of kids ‘s advancement to day of the month but besides scaffolds the acquisition of the group as they interrogate each other about the nature of th e undertaking and collaborate to carry through it ( Hill and Hill, 1996 ; Shepard, 2005 ) . Furthermore, for Vygotsky, societal interaction has a critical function in a kid ‘s instruction ( Vygotsky 1962 ; 1978 ; Daniels, 1996 ) . Besides, Bruner states that ‘making sense is a societal procedure ‘ ( Bruner and Haste, 1987 ) .This means that we become who we are through take parting in the communities around us and our acquisition is reconstructed through battle with others ( Lave and Wenger, 1991 ; Kehily, 2005 ; Smidt, 2006 ) . This is because, with others, we can make more and achieve more than we can make on our ain. Furthermore, Shepard ( 2000 ) links this type of schoolroom appraisal with the constructivist motion, which suggests that larning is an active procedure, constructing on old cognition, experience, accomplishments and involvements. So, since acquisition is extremely individualized, constructivism recognises that learning must be adaptative to the context, affecting complex decision-making, and necessitating that a instructor draws upon a scope of techniques ( Giebelhaus and Bowman, 2002 ) . Besides, Fisher ( 1995 ) argues that kids should be provided with challenges that extend their cognitive potency. For Vygotsky ( 1978 ) , this possible ( Zone of Proximal Development ) exists non merely in the kid ‘s head, but it besides lies in the accomplishments, thoughts, experiences and from the kid ‘s societal interaction with his/her equals. Decision ‘When instructors ‘ schoolroom appraisals become an built-in portion of the instructional procedure and a cardinal ingredient in their attempts to assist pupils larn, the benefits of appraisal for both pupils and instructors will be unbounded ‘ . Guskey, ( 2003, p. 11 ) Evidence from researches clearly indicates that good, well-developed and effectual formative appraisal does hold a powerful impact on pupil acquisition and can be a critical constituent in our attempts to better instruction ( Assessment Reform Group, 1999 ; Guskey, 2003 ) . Further, formative appraisal changes the rhythm ‘s consequence where students attribute hapless public presentation a deficiency of ability, which discourages them to put in their hereafter acquisition. It besides supports the outlook that all can larn to high degrees ( Ames, 1992 ; Vispoel and Austin, 1995 ) . Yet, some instructors argue that measuring pupils for the intent of informing future planning and instruction can non be easy accommodated alongside measuring students for the intent of class/school answerability. This is because, in order to describe classs and meet answerability, instructors by and large need to take portion in or set about some summational appraisal. This manner, the intent of summ ational appraisal remains rather different from the intent of formative appraisal in monitoring and bettering advancement ( Herman et al. , 1992 ) . In add-on, groundss in this work suggest that considerable sweetenings in pupil accomplishment are possible when instructors use assessment, daily, to set their instruction to run into their pupils ‘ acquisition demands. However, it is besides clear that doing such alterations is much more than merely adding a few modus operandis to one ‘s normal pattern. It involves a alteration of focal point from what the instructor is seting into the procedure and to what the scholar is acquiring out of it. Besides, the extremist nature of the alterations means that instructors need extra support for detecting and/or developing formative appraisal tools, which non merely inform pupils and instructors about advancement, but provide aid on where the spreads are and how to continue. Furthermore, it is important that instructors acknowledge that every kid is alone ( DfES, 2004 ; Aldgate et al. , 2006 ; DCSF, 2008 ) and that development is a procedure which involves interaction between the turning kid and his/her societal environment ( Vygotsky, 1978 ) . So, if acquisition is to take topographic point, it is indispensable that instructors take kid development and larning theories earnestly and use this cognition in their appraisal and intercessions ( Department of Health et al. , 2000 ) .